Management and Marketing for Sustainable

Question: Step by step instructions to reevaluate free enterprise and release a flood of development and development Harvard Business Review.Critically evaluate the focuses as made in the diary article. At whatever point you offer your input, bolster them utilizing reference? Answer: Presentation The thought behind the Creating Shared Value is really advocated by Mark Kramer and Michael Porter in their Harvard Business Review. They have attempted to bring out different corporate obligation issues through the meeting room then its written in past years. In different regards this can be considered as smart thought. Making Shared Value is the acceptable endeavor by the essayists into the business morals among the experts at the executives level. This article presents the dismissal just as analysis about the corporate social duty, which for the most part depends over the misrepresentation origination alongside its last reliance over the financial contentions for reconnecting the business with the general public. For this key reason the reexamination of private enterprise has appeared (Hopwood, Unerman and Fries 2010). Maintainability has been never noticeable into the corporate plan. On the off chance that maintainability was comprehensively characterized as the one working in the way, which attempts to protect the quality as long as possible and been progressively gainful limit regarding both the social and indigenous habitat under which the association really works, manageability presently quickly coming as the huge part in the methodology of corporate business (Porter and Kramer 2011). Its prominent that the maintainability had the option to suffer just as make due in the earth and later on. In setting of the business, the administration of the maintainability is identified with joining the financial, social, just as various natural components in the choices of the business (Montiel 2008). Job of Sustainability in Management The executives of manageability conceal the ideas identified with the business morals and corporate social duty (Lado and Wilson 1994). Its prominent that the socially capable business are the one whose point is to limit the negative impacts over the general public and improve the positive impact in the general public (Elkington 1994). Its prominent that business morals are likewise critical as they bombed in getting follow towards them and even leave the calamitous impacts over the business suitability. By and by, the pressure is put over the administration of supportability on the importance of the natural maintainability (Morsing and Oswald 2009). The article presents the four key issues with the Corporate Social worth (CSV): 1. CSV is unimaginative the Porter and Kramer (2011) have attempted to recognize that there is something new in the idea of CSV. In past numerous researchers have expounded on it, and the corporate activities they attempted to rebrand as the CSV is considered as their endeavor to re-name the various practices. These practices are named as partner the board, vital CSR, and social advancement. 2. CSV overlooks the issues among the financial and social objectives In the article, Porter and Kramer (2011) has introduced CSV as moving more than the exchange offs among the objectives of society and economy. This has just happen on the grounds that Porter and Kramer has had a go at overlooking the exchange offs, which was relied upon to be defined. The article gives the guarantee to different chances, wherein accomplishment of the business could be lined up with the advancement of society. Yet at the same time there are numerous hosts of social issues predominantly that are made through the business, in which social just as financial objectives are clashing. The idea of CSV attempts to incite the chiefs that they ought to just disregard these issues (Barney 1991). 3. Need understanding about business consistence The article makes reference to that like well known pundit of Corporate Social obligation, CSV attempts to assume the consistence with the moral measures and laws and furthermore attempt to diminish the damages that were caused because of the business (Keen, Brown and Dyball 2005). Up to one attempts to assume it, at that point dont need to manage these issues (Porter and Kramer 2011). Truth be told there is single sentence, which is devoted towards giving social damages, legitimate consistence and moral standards in the article (Schaltegger, Windolph and Herzig 2012). Accordingly, its essential to disregard these events, where organizations attempt to hurt the earth and the individuals. Its better to disregard each time these organizations flop in maintaining the moral traditions and laws under which they work their business. The article makes reference to that organizations talk about CSV, however dont imagine this is helpful techniq ue in setting of corporate obligation (Barney 1991). For accomplishing the regard for the organization in the soul of laws they make good on duties and regard the worldwide guidelines of works then there would be better method of business re-legitimizing (Riccaboni and Leone 2010). 4. CSV dependent on origination of enterprise job inside the general public the article makes reference to that CSV is reshaping the private enterprise, however in fact its more as same of other stuff, which has given bogus name to the idea of free enterprise, and visually impaired concentration towards the personal circumstance of individual corporate (Roome 1998). It will bolster in unraveling the social issues and make the partners in better position. The article examines about whom these organizations are joking this could spare the free enterprise, and what the necessity that attempts to recognize the orderly idea of different issues they are really confronting or ready to get the organizations take part in the communitarian reactions with the different partners for settling the issues (Stead and Stead 1995). 5. The article talks about that the fact of the matter isn't on how CSV could contribute into the discussion of corporate social obligation, yet there are sure better reasons that should be satisfied (Shrivastava 1995). On the off chance that these reasons are overlooked, at that point it can introduce the ridiculous image of the considerable number of difficulties. The association the board in present time is investing a ton on the energy apparently so as to deal with the authoritative supportability through dealing with the exhibition of the money related resources, wellbeing, PC frameworks, hardware creation, and licensed innovation (Linnenluecke and Griffiths 2010). Through this venture, it ought to be comprehended that one should attempt to wouldn't dare hoping anymore the association to demonstrate that they are supportable (Fiol 1991). Tragically, there are different confirmations that the enormous administration and the open area organizations are battling so as to make their separate reasonable associations (Costanza 1992). End Along these lines, the individuals who can make just as deal with the supportability in the board can become pioneer and lead towards the social, natural, just as financial progress (Porter and Kramer 2011). Along these lines, who can make the supportable association in present time and investigate the boldness to return it back with good judgment (Porter and Kramer 2011). References Barney, J. 1991. Firm assets and continued upper hand. Diary of Management, 17(1), pp. 99120. Costanza, R. 1992. Biological Economics: The Science and Management of Sustainability Complexity in environmental frameworks arrangement. Columbia University Press. Elkington, J. 1994. Towards the maintainable organization: Win-win-win business procedures for supportable turn of events. California Management Review, 36(2), pp. 90-100 Fiol, M. C. 1991. Overseeing society as a serious asset: A personality based perspective on supportable upper hand. Diary of Management, 17(1), pp. 191211. Hopwood, An., Unerman, J. also, Fries, J. 2010. Representing Sustainability: Practical Insight. Earthscan: Abingdon. Sharp, M., Brown, V. A. also, Dyball, R. 2005. Social Learning in Environmental Management: Towards a Sustainable Future. Routledge Lado, A. A. also, Wilson, M. C. 1994. Human asset frameworks and supported upper hand: A competency-based point of view. Institute of Management Review, 19, pp. 699727 Linnenluecke, M. K. also, Griffiths, A. 2010. Corporate manageability and authoritative culture. Diary of World Business, 45(4), pp. 357-366. Montiel, I. 2008. Corporate social obligation and corporate manageability separate pasts, regular prospects. Association Environment, 21(3), pp. 245-269. Morsing, M. what's more, Oswald, D. 2009. Supportable administration: Management control frameworks and hierarchical culture in Novo Nordisk A/S. Corporate Governance, 9(1), pp. 83-99. Doorman, M. furthermore, Kramer, M. R. 2011. Making shared worth: How to rethink private enterprise and release a flood of advancement and development. Harvard Business Review, 1, pp. 63-77. Riccaboni, A. also, Leone, E. L. 2010. Executing techniques through administration control frameworks: The instance of supportability. Universal Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 59(2), pp. 130-144. Roome, N. 1998. Supportability Strategies for Industry: The Future of Corporate Practice. Island Press. Schaltegger, S., Windolph, S. E. furthermore, Herzig, C. 2012. A longitudinal investigation of the information and utilization of supportability the executives devices in enormous German organizations. Society and Economy, 34(4), pp. 549-579. Shrivastava, P. 1995. The job of enterprises in accomplishing biological maintainability. Institute of Management Review, 20(4), pp. 936-960 Stead, W.E. what's more, Stead, J.G. 1995. An exact examination of maintainability procedure execution in mechanical associations. Examination in corporate social execution and strategy, Supplement, 1, pp. 43-66.

Management Change Excercise Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The board Change Excercise - Research Paper Example The means incorporate making of earnestness, improvement of incredible alliance, formation of a change vision, correspondence of the change vision, annihilation of snags, production of momentary achievement objectives, expanding on the change, and mix of progress into the corporate culture of the association (Mind Tools, 2012).The initial phase during the time spent change the executives requires the hierarchical pioneers to persuade the authoritative faculty that a specific change should be there on pressing premise due to specific reasons (Coutts, 2000). In the event that this move isn't made, individuals would think little of the need of progress. In the subsequent advance, the hierarchical pioneers need to build up a group which encourages picking up of people’s assent for change execution. In the event that this move isn't made, substantially more exertion would be required to persuade people since they would be dispersed and not individuals from a similar group. In the t hird step, the pioneer needs to build up a connection among change and a major vision so as to make it simpler for the devotees to acknowledge what's going on. In the event that this move isn't made, supporters would have abstract thought of what's going on. In the fourth step, measures should be taken to rapidly convey the change and spread the vision. On the off chance that this move isn't made, there would not be consistency of approach because of absence of data in specific devotees. In the fifth step, the pioneer needs to perceive the obstructions in the method of usage of progress and do whatever is required to expel them. In the event that this move isn't made, the change procedure is probably going to be hindered en route. In the 6th step, the pioneer ought to acknowledge along with the adherents the accomplishment of delegate objectives. On the off chance that this move isn't made, supporters may lose enthusiasm as there is little acknowledgment of accomplishment of fundame ntal objectives. In the seventh step, the pioneer ought to stress upon a requirement for the devotees to keep working a similar way with the goal that the accomplishment of starter objectives prompts the achievement of a definitive objective. In the event that this move isn't made, supporters may become presumptuous and not do the needful. In the eighth step, the supporters should be spurred to continually audit the change procedure and continue altering it to achieve ideal outcomes. On the off chance that this move isn't made, the change may not bring the ideal outcomes. Every one of the eight stages remembered for the Kotter’s model is basically an activity that requires a total methodology to be taken adequately. Usage of progress and its administration as proposed by Kotter requires sound administration abilities in a person. As a supervisor, I have great speech abilities and subsequently, can persuade individuals or for the least, present my conclusion in an understandab le way. I am acceptable at taking activities relating to all the means of Kotter’s eight stage model for the most part. Be that as it may, I need a little improvement in the fourth, seventh and eighth step. This is a direct result of the way that I am somewhat reckless because of which, I probably won't have the option to ensure that the procedure of progress is conveyed to the entirety of the hierarchical work force. This requires a touch of association on my part. I think that its hard to remember myself if the congruity in a procedure is broken. So after the 6th step, wherein I as an administrator would praise primer objectives with the authoritative work force, it may be hard for me to build up the concentrate again to ensure that

Legal issues Essay Example

Legitimate issues Essay Legitimate issues Name: Course: Date: We will compose a custom exposition test on Legal issues explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom exposition test on Legal issues explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom exposition test on Legal issues explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer Question 1 The idea of â€Å"conflict of interest† is characterized by the RTL Code as a circumstance where an employee’s individual interests and the company’s interests conflict or neglect to blend. The code directs that as much as the organization esteems the employees’ individual lives, representatives ought to dodge any conditions that would be classified as a contention to their greatest advantage and those of the organization (Chryssides Kaler, 2003). The code gives explicit examples where irreconcilable situation may emerge, for example, participating in a serious business with RTL, using business time by enjoying RTL-related work and taking part in ill-advised and illicit installments (Ferrell et al, 2012). Question 2 The significant players for the situation incorporate Tim Torrens, his better half and the NZ Company. For this situation, a few codes were penetrated. To start with, Tim Torrens disregarded Article 5.3 of the code of morals that endorsed the renunciation of endowments by workers of RTL. Torrens was offered an all costs paid four-day occasion that could be sorted as a blessing since it was not part of his work portrayal. He was additionally offered an end of the week playing in a golf competition that damaged a similar article. Torrens additionally abused Article 5.4 that denied his better half from going with him on the four-day occasion. Tim additionally damaged Article 5.1 that restricted workers from taking part in some other business with organizations that contended in any capacity with RTL. He rather liaised and connected himself with NZ Company, a texture provider for RTL. Question 3 The Shane Smith situation likewise shows a few penetrates of the RTL code. Article 6.0 of the RTL code expected workers to keep exact and fair records of the bookkeeping and reviewing exchanges. Shane Smith understood this infringement however neglected to call attention to that the upper level administration was stealing organization reserves. Thusly, he didn't carry out his responsibility as endorsed by the code. Any bookkeeping inconsistencies acknowledged by a worker ought to have been accounted for to the specialists. Shane likewise abused Article 7.0 of the code that specified that if any activities occurred that would risk the motivation behind the code; the representative should introduce the issue to the organization. For his situation, he had a decision to either report the bookkeeping inconsistency and face the anger of the CFO or report the issue to the administration and let them handle the issue. Thinking out of dread caused the worker to waver and this, in itself, was a penetrate of the code in light of the fact that in revealing the unscrupulous conduct by the CFO, Shane would have stayed unknown and kept his activity. Question 4 The issue of business morals hosts been bantered by two significant gatherings with Milton Friedman’s hypothesis contending that a company’s just social duty was to build its incomes furnished it followed the modern guidelines that restricted double dealing or extortion (Halbert Ingulli, 2012). Different defenders of business morals contended that lawful guidelines were complimentary and that they ought to be strengthened with different guidelines to implement a higher feeling of conduct in the work environment (Jennings, 2012). RTL Company received the Milton Friedman’s approach toward keeping up business morals. This is on the grounds that Friedman supported for expanded administrator participation and commitment in impacting social, natural and moral components to accomplish a definitive objective of morals inside the working environment (Tittle, 2002). RTL’s code of morals was likewise spurred by the evasion approach in Freidman’s hypothesis tha t looked to keep away from any lawful or budgetary clashes before they happened (Allhoff Vaidya, 2008). As I would like to think, the RTL code of morals is a proficient and serviceable arrangement of guidelines for the work environment. A brilliant moral code is relied upon to address the issues of all the partners without favor or segregation, and the RTL code happens to work admirably in most definitely (Shaw, 2011). A helpful moral code covers the social and the useful parts of the partners and all the moral regions, for example, consistence, regard for organization property and irreconcilable circumstance (Rendtorff, 2009). References: Allhoff, F., Vaidya, A. (2008). Business in moral center: A treasury. Peterborough, Ont: Broadview Press. Chryssides, G. D., Kaler, J. H. (2003). A prologue to business morals. London: Chapman Hall. Ferrell, O. C., Fraedrich, J., Ferrell, L. (2012). Business morals: Ethical dynamic and cases. Artisan, OH: South-Western/Cengage Learning. Halbert, T., Ingulli, E. (2012). Law morals in the business condition. Artisan, OH: South-Western Cengage Learning. Jennings, M. (2012). Business: Its legitimate, moral, and worldwide condition. Artisan, OH: South-Western Cengage Learning. Rendtorff, J. D. (2009). Duty, morals, and authenticity of organizations. Frederiksberg, Denmark: Copenhagen Business School Press. Shaw, W. H. (2011). Business morals. Boston, MA: Wadsworth/Cengage Learning. Tittle, P. (2002). Moral issues in business: Inquiries, cases, and readings. Peterborough, Ont: Broadview Press.

President Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

President - Research Paper Example Various occasions occurred during the virus war both locally and all around catalyzing the development and reception of the Truman precept. Russia supported socialism was on the ascent and affecting the whole Europe. Hungary’s vote based government was toppled by the socialist party in 1947 drawing in solid judgment by President Truman. In 1948 again the socialist party with the help of Russia utilized power to get power in Czechoslovakia. The endeavored Berlin barricade would have likewise altogether influenced the course of occasions had it succeeded. The Russian danger turned out to be especially critical in 1949 when Russia conveyed its instrument to impact the whole Europe. Russia likewise proceeded to detonate its atomic bomb invalidating America’s lead. The Korean heightened the strains between the two adversary super powers. It became obvious that to reestablish trust in Europe, financial help, rearmament of West Germany and military guide were essential measure s. The President in this way looked for Congress’s endorsement of $ 400 million towards supporting turkey and Greece both regarding military and financially (Merrill, 20006). The connection between the United States and the USSR was undesirable during the virus war. Russia’s hostility and development of its socialist impact into Eastern Europe after the annihilation of Germany was not taken well by the United States and other Western majority rules systems. The US commanded the governmental issues and financial aspects of Western Europe and subsequently was extremely compromised by Russia’s impact in the East. The two forces contrasted on belief system and governmental issues and were vieing for inside impact along the various lines. The opposition endured somewhere in the range of 1947 and 1991 when the Soviet Union authoritatively crumbled. The spreading socialism belief system upheld by Russia saw socialist gatherings oust fairly chose governments in Hungary and Czechoslovakia. Russia’s explosion of its first nuclear weapon and its

Betrand Russell – Problems of Philosophy

As people we normally accept that the sun will rise tomorrow. However, can any anyone explain why we accept this? In the accompanying exposition I will investigate the rationale behind this inquiry concentrating on Bertrand Russell’s contentions of acceptance, and the consistency of nature as introduced in his book â€Å"The Problems of Philosophy† Russell’s guideline of the consistency of nature recommends people and creatures fall into the snare of accepting that everything that has and will happen turns into a â€Å"general law with no exceptions† (Russell, 63). As it were, the more as often as possible something happens, the more certain it is to happen again.Russell gives a model refering to the connection between a chicken and a rancher. At the point when the chicken sees the rancher coming regular, he expect, according to common, that he will be taken care of, at the end of the day one day the rancher will kill the chicken (Russell, 63). This is the snare that we as often as possible fall into by getting excessively acclimated with what has just happened, and accepting that it will consistently happen once more. Russell contends this is on the grounds that people utilize inductive rationale to produce these general laws, which are utilized as the reason for the consistency of nature (Russell, 66).This standard of enlistment expresses that the more occasions we see two things to be related, the more prominent the assurance that this affiliation is exact (Russell, 67). A model is the ascending of the sun. Through inductive rationale we have verified that each morning, the sun will innately rise (Russell, 64). There is in any case, a little possibility that the world’s rotational power could stop which would bring about the sun not rising. In any case, as inductive rationale carries us to â€Å"certainty without limit†, it is apparently unimaginable that the sun wouldn’t rise, in view of the billions of times it has ascended previously (Russell, 69).This is the place I accept there is an issue in Russell’s contention. I accept that there is no real proof supporting the connection among enlistment and the consistency of nature. As I would like to think paying little mind to how often the sun comes up; the possibility of the sun rising the following day, doesn't change. From this I infer that enlistment is definitely not an appropriate method for deciding if the sun will rise, in light of the fact that there is as yet a perpetual likelihood that it will not.Russell counters this by contending that through acceptance we can move toward a degree of â€Å"almost conviction, without limit† (Russell, 67). I accept this to be a paradox too on the grounds that this announcement in itself is a paradoxical expression. It recommends that there are various degrees of conviction, which is in opposition to the meaning of sureness itself. While I do accept that the sun will rise tomorrow, my conviction is steered in the consistency of nature, not in enlistment, as I am not persuaded of this â€Å"certainty† which enlistment requires.Russell would by and by disprove this proposing it’s not the degree of assurance, but instead the likelihood of the sun rising that increments. I in any case, accept that this likelihood can't change. Every dawn is autonomous of each other, similarly as each flip of a coin seems to be. Despite what number of heads in succession I get, I can't by any consistent measure derive that the coin will constantly flip heads. Thus, I can't reason that the sun will consistently rise since it has before. In view of these grounds, the contention of enlistment doesn't stand, and subsequently, isn't identified with the consistency of nature.

Social Justice Towards Music Education - Free Essay Example

Community works towards these ideals to better represent and provide a quality music education to all students. The first goal is to provide free and equal music education for all students (Bates, 2012). This includes access to high-quality instruments, private instruction from highly qualified teachers, free uniforms, funds for program-related trips, and transportation (Bates, 2012). Teachers need to revisit traditional music program structure to allow for beginning level instrumental and choral classes at multiple grade levels (Hoffman, 2013). Building relationships with music community members who can offer tutoring (during school) can enable more students to take private lessons (Hoffman, 2013). Teachers can downplay/eliminate types of competition often ingrained in music programs (seating, solos, solo/ensemble festivals) (Bates, 2012). Teachers need to take a critical look at the value of some of these practices. It is certainly important to keep what is valuable, but address it in a way that adds enrichment, not competition, and make sure any opportunities offered are equally accessible. Large-ensemble competitions and regional ensembles draw often unfair comparisons between schools and students (Bates, 2012). A greater focus on more popular and less-expensive instruments can be beneficial as well (Bates, 2012). Orchestra is so much less expensive than band, yet orchestra programs almost always get cut before band programs, because band is such an American institution. Guitar, composition and popular music classes are other non-general music alternatives. These should be geared toward all students and not create a new form of tracking for students excluded from other ensembles (Hoffman, 2013). Teachers need to understand and respect each students cultural background (Bates, 2012). Social class is a form of cultural diversity and we shouldnt put deficit labels on students who come from different social/cultural backgrounds than our own (Bates, 2012). Teachers can acknowledge, attempt to understand, show appreciation for diverse musical preferences, and examine their own bias (Bates, 2012). Students can explore historical and social contexts and develop performance skills in their preferred music (Bates, 2012). In this way, all students gain access to diverse preferences and practices. Teachers need to understand what support students will need to be successful and continue to be involved in the music program (Hoffman, 2013). Teachers should recognize the social forces that perpetuate poverty (Bates, 2012). We must examine the ways structural and procedural decisions about classroom music may influence curricular and co-curricular musical opportunities for students from low-income homes. Intersections between SES and music education (Hoffman, 2013). Bias are perpetuated by beliefs that low-income students are lazy, socially deviant or intellectually inferior (Bates, 2012). Many songs in music curriculum address struggles of low-income and working classes (Bates, 2012). Need to actually critically examine these songs with students though. Being able to question requires having the knowledge or the access to knowledge of the way things are and the ability to develop ideas for creating change. Teachers and students need to develop the ability to enact change. The issues that Stevenson raises in Just Mercy stem from issues prevalent in American public education, as explained in Research Studies. These problems are just as relevant in music education as they are in other education programs. We cannot champion the arts as enabling creativity and music as the universal language unless these programs are observed with a critical lens. Doing so is vital to serving our community and saving the world as Bernstein called for.

Art Study Paintings Essay - 550 Words

Art Study: Paintings (Essay Sample) Content: Name,Date,CourseWord Count; 475ANOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHYSandler, Lucy Freeman,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ classroom use of the art printà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . ART Study teaching, classroom activities, painters and painting. Article 0004393. (May2007). Vol. 141 Issue 4. 28-28. (2013) http://ehis.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail?vid=7sid=cad1151d-7554-4693-a6b0-44caafd81c48%40sessionmgr4hid=8bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=a9hAN=26074973The classroom use of art print is an article that is used as tool to encourage creativity, innovativeness and hard work among students interested in art-print careers. This article gives clear information about classroom use of art print by Jan Van Eyck entitled,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ The Arnolfini Weddingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . The article gives a brief introduction about Jan van Eyck, who was born in born in 1385 in Belgium and worked as a court painter for a good part of his life. Jan van Eyck is considered to be the first oil based painter in the history of western coun tries. The success of van Eyck's is highly attributed to his ability to create the illusion of texture and the various ways in which he depicted the effect of light in paintings. The article proceeds to expound on the Arnolfini Wedding; fur wood textures and folds of fabric in the artistic paintinng. The article proceeds to propose what the trainers should do. It outlines various distinct levels of education that include; Primary, Elementary, Middle School and High -school. The author then outlines how learning and understanding can be facilitated using the same painting. He clearly gives guidance on how each group can derive maximum benefit in developing artistic skills in painting, by directing teachers on how to use the painting in teaching, according to the level of education of the audience.Sandler, Lucy Freeman "The Handclasp in the Arnolfini Wedding: A Manuscript Precedent." Portrait painting. Art journal 00043079 (Sep 1984). Vol. 66 Issue 3.488-592. (2013) http://ehis.ebsco host.com/ehost/detail?sid=cad1151d-7554-4693-a6b0-44caafd81c48%40sessionmgr4vid=6hid=16bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=a9hAN=5315223This article gives a general analysis of the identity couple in Jan Van Eyckà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s portrait painting. The paper has since been severally questioned, most recently by peter schabacker, who claimed that the figures represented were not Giovanni and Jeanne Cenami. The article proceeds to outline Erw...

Through The Use Of Effective Verbal Communication, Utilizing

Through the use of effective verbal communication, utilizing the tools provided within this course, one is able to strengthen the core of any organizational culture. The Marine Corps, among most other organizations, has much learning to do, to bridge the gap of generational miscommunication. By analyzing the challenge and who plays which roles in the process, knowing what solutions can mitigate the problem, and executing substantial research, a leader has the ability to apply effective communication to accommodate the success of the organization. Step 1 1. Summary of the organization: My organization is the United States Marine Corps. Many know that we are the few, the proud, but not everyone understands our structure or the†¦show more content†¦Under the umbrella of the Enlisted Professional Military Education section, I do have an Officer that oversees my academy and the junior enlisted academy and is ultimately responsible for all that happens or fails to happen. I have people in my organization that I feel are more of a barrier than and conduit for progress the structure is layered so that many eyes are focused on an object rather than a single pair in hopes that nothing slips through the cracks. So in my and many organizations learning how to work with one another in a more effective and efficient way would be for the benefit of the organization and our members. (a) What is the major overriding issue? Within my organization communication is the major issue and I would assume it is like that in most large organization s. However, the military functions differently than civilian businesses because there isn’t always the ability to solicit an opinion or input from juniors or subordinates, as you would have in the civilian sector. There is also the generational gap, which poses a new set of communication problems. The millennial generation questions everything compared to gen x, which has the mindset of â€Å"get it done and ask questions later†. 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Unequal and Unethical Treatment of Women in the Middle East

History shows many instances of discrimination and unequal rights for women. Women have been looked down upon and been abused by men in many different countries and cultures. There is a history for inequity of women, especially domestic violence and abuse. These dilemmas have been going on for the many years in the past, and are still going on today, especially in Middle Eastern countries. One major aspect of the situation of abuse towards women is involved with marriage. In many Middle Eastern countries, it is common for parents to arrange or even force a marriage, and for the children to have no say in it (Child Brides). I believe that this is a large part of the cause for aggression and abuse against the women. In an†¦show more content†¦Here in Gaza men are supposed to be providers. The siege, the strikes, in one way or another they affect all households in Gaza - poverty, hunger, homelessness. Men are really frustrated. They sometimes take it out on the ir wives.† In Gaza, however, there are few places for a woman to run. â€Å"There are no shelters here. Just clinics where women can get comfort, advice or anti-depressants - more often than not, without theirShow MoreRelatedReligion Values, and Culture Identity Development Essay3014 Words   |  13 Pagesgiving unequal treatment to followers of different religion (or those who hold different religious believes) in matters of law, education, rights, occupation etc. It is a way of depriving certain individuals of their rights just because they adhere to different religion or set of beliefs .E.g. in south India, Hindus discriminate against the Christians because many people are turning away from Hinduism and are converting into Christianity. 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According to Merium Webster, gender is the behavioral,...

According to Merium Webster, gender is the behavioral, cultural, or psychological traits typically associated with one sex.† Our gender is not biological. Our sex is biological. Kathy Witterick and her husband, David Stocker decided to not reveal the sex of their child. In the birth announcement, instead of saying â€Å"its a boy† or â€Å"it’s a girl† they said Weve decided not to share Storms sex for now — a tribute to freedom and choice in place of limitation, a stand up to what the world could become in Storms lifetime (a more progressive place?). Witherick explains that â€Å"When the baby comes out, even the people who love you the most and know you so intimately, the first question they ask is, ‘Is it a girl or a boy? If you really want to†¦show more content†¦A person with agency can make decisions and effect change. I try to connect the ideas of socialization, performativity and gender neutrality. I try to show how gender neu trality would give people agency. I used Judith Butler’s theory of performativity as a framework for this analysis. I connected how socialization forces us to â€Å"perform† in certain ways. Socialization is the process by which a person what society expects for them to be. Socialization effects us from the moment we arrived on the earth. I actually think that socialization is strongest when we are younger. I focused on the early years for a very specific reason. Socialization starts with the parents. The first way we understand a baby is by its gender. One study found that parents have different expectations for boys and girls a day after the child is born. (Rubin, Provenzano, Luria, 1974) The mother declaring the sex of the baby is the first step of socialization and loss of personal identity. I think this moment is important to focus on for many reasons. What the mother says will have long term consequences it will define how the child is talked to for the rest of their lives. Newborns are considered to be the most vulnerable members of society. The fact that so much of their identity is decided at this most vulnerable moment emphasizes how oppressive gender norms can be. Newborns have their whole lives ahead of them but they have already lost some control of it. There areShow MoreRelatedGender, Gender And Gender932 Words   |  4 Pagescommonalities found throughout the text, wh ich challenges the representation of gender identity in last week’s materials. One of the similarities found throughout this week’s materials is that gender is complex. Professor Davis’s lecture â€Å"Sex Gender – It’s Complicated† defines â€Å"Binary gender: man or women, female or male, and masculine and feminine. Two distinct categories† (slide 5). The Western society mostly see gender as binary, black and white. However, Baird writes in â€Å"Transgender: ‘as the starsRead MoreGender, Gender And Gender Stereotypes1582 Words   |  7 PagesThere are multiple examples and instances where the object of a joke has something to do with gender and gender stereotypes. These types of jokes seem to take center stage at any comedy performance or routine, and the audience loves it. Gender in association with humor brings up a great deal of questions. Do males and females see humor differently? Are there any similarities in the way the sexes view humor? And is there any truth to the thought that humans enjoy crass humor more than other typesRead MoreGender : Gender And Gender1767 Words   |  8 PagesGender’s role in Authority In what ways is the male gender superior to the female gender in relation to â€Å"The Homeric Hymn to Demeter†? It tells the story of Persephone, goddess of spring, taken against her will by Hades. Her grieving mother, Demeter, goes through great lengths to be reunited with her beloved daughter. The hymn portrays a great divide in authority between both genders. The male gods use their authority without consequence. They assert their power on others without taking into accountRead MoreGender, Gender And Gender Equality1391 Words   |  6 PagesThis essay will look at Gender discrimination in an Australian prospective with some overseas perspectives overlapping this essay will look at gender deference’s in pay in Australia and discuss the ideas and arguments surrounding gender equality in the work place. Gender equity in work place is still a heavily understudied in Australia and as is more or less worldwide. In Australia a country of so called â€Å"equality† w hich is still, even in the 21st century is an ambiguous and questionable ideal asRead MoreGender Inequality : Gender And Gender1575 Words   |  7 Pagesthere’s something â€Å"natural† about gender distinction because biology makes one sex different from the other. What they don’t know is gender is the personal traits and social positions that members of a society attach to being female or male. Gender is not a trait we are born with, rather it is a â€Å"brand† to which we are labeled with. It refers to the psychological, social, cultural, and behavioral characteristics that are being associated with being a female or male. 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Clinically Related Data in the Healthcare Industry

Healthcare industry generates large volumes of clinically related data every minute. It can be in the form of electronic records, scan reports, printed documents, images etcetera. The sources of these records are technologies like CT scan, MRI scan, Ultrasound, ECG, Dialysis, biopsy equipment etc. The objectives of this smart approach are to make this data useful and productive for analysis and study of health patterns and create statistics. A detailed analysis can help the community to get awareness for improved nutrition and hygiene. Objectives †¢ Perform empirical analysis on the data and determine the forecasting power of the collected data to study health patterns †¢ Create statistics based on the information obtained in the form of user friendly charts and graphs †¢ Build an extensive GUI which makes the product understandable and easy to comprehend †¢ Help the customers customize the API to cater their needs. †¢ Design and implement use cases to tailor the needs of the health industry. †¢ Construct a web console with administrative facilities, a customizable dashboard, and a web accessible application for importing and exporting data. 1.2 Problem statement, project motivation, and needs In today’s world, all the information and knowledge is being collected in the form of data. The amount of data is huge, continually increasing and changing. To utilize this data, analyze it and derive useful information out of it, some cutting-edge technologies are being devised. 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Analysis of Cyber Crime Case Sony Pictures Company †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Cyber Crime Case of Sony Pictures Company. Answer: Introduction Ethics is the branch of philosophy, which deals with what is right or wrong. The definition has been widely been proposed to be the code of morals for a particular profession, the standard of conduct of given profession. It is important to understand unethical is not necessarily illegal (Buncombe, 2015). In everyday life, individuals, as well as organization, faces common ethical problems. There are many ethical dilemmas, which relates to the cybercrime such as the society right to security versus the cryptography, and the private versus the public control of the information (Dion, Weisstub Richet, 2016). These issues have been relevant today than any other time. The millions of computers, which are connected to each other, have made the information to be accessible as well as approachable. The technological changes have output on the ethical development, which brings about the unanticipated problem that has caused an ethical vacuum (Mack, 2015). There has been an increase in the nu mber of the computer crimes that have been committed by perfectly respectable individual who have shown the full limit to their understanding of the computer ethics. Based on this the essay will attempt to look at the ethical issue which the society is confronting about the cyber-crime. Sony ethical issue In the year 2014, there was one of the biggest and most expensive hacks ever to be recorded which took place at the Sony Pictures Company (Mack, 2015). The hackers broke into the computer system of the Sony pictures entertainment, stole huge swaths of confidential documents, and posted them online the following week, thus exposing everyone from the potential cyber criminals. Additionally, there were journalists who have been poring over the documents as well as reporting of the recent films productions (Mack, 2015). There were also employees data, which was laid vulnerable on the internet. The multiple reports from the USA government officials they believed that the attack was tied to the North Korean government, who had expressed the outrage over the Sony-backed film, which was called the Interview, which was an action comedy, centered on an assassination plot against the North Korean leader Jong Kim (Gallagher, 2015). The company canceled the theatrical release of the film on Wedne sday, and they responded to the vague threats against theaters that were showing the film which was posted by these hackers. It had taken around two weeks for the individuals who work at the Sony to get the grasp of the seriousness of the situation (Siegel Worrall, 2014). Sony Company top management refused to inform them about the extent of the damage, instead, the employees relied on the news sources from the social media (Peterson, 2014). Two weeks after the attack, the Sony employees found themselves thrown into what was regarded as the pre-PC age. Half of the organization six thousand eight hundred computers, as well as the servers, were rendered to be dead and they had all the information, which was stolen and deleted (Sharma, Mittal Verma, 2015). Due to this, the workers had to rewrite every single file that was deleted by hand. The paper became the main form of communication, which was used to write the memos and to do the lists. The hackers had even gotten the staff perso nal information. Analysis of the issue using theories This case is upsetting as well as disturbing especially when the information of the company, as well as personal data, was breached. This case could be analyzed using various ethical theories, which will highlight if they were violated based on the case. The first ethical theory to analyze the case is the individualism theory (Peterson, 2014). This theory state that individuals especially those who are high in the company should do everything in their power to satisfy the needs of the owners and the shareholders. In this case, we have seen the management has taken more than a week to notify the workers of the situation of the breach of their information. On one side, the management was acting in the best interest of the owners and the shareholders since they did not want the information to spread in regards to the breach. On another perspective, I think this was not the right thing to do (Peterson, 2014). These actions are not supported by the utilitarianism theory, which purports th at one should always do things, which are aimed to maximize the happiness for themselves as well as for the others. The majority of the employees who worked for Sony felt upset because the management did not tell them of the news in regards to what was happening to the company they held them from the social media (Peterson, 2014). When the story broke out it stained on the reputation of the company brand. Some individuals may view Sony company as terrible as well as unethical thus buy the products of the other brands. This means less money for the owners, which could lower their price per share, and this would take money aware from the shareholders. The effect of this would make the shareholders and the owners unhappy. Sony Company has broken on this theory because every individual who is involved is unhappy to some extent (Von Solms Van Niekerk, 2013). For example, the employees had to rewrite every single file, which was deleted by the GOP hackers. Recommendations The surge to the Cyberattacks has rattled on both the business as well as the consumers. To enable the companies to prevent a similar situation happening to them, the cyber experts said they need to do better on the job of segmenting their data in order to enable the employees to access the data they require (Kokas, Tryon, Gusterson Braun, 2016). Even the person to the top of the organization does not need an access to everything. It is important for the company to clamp on sharing their spreadsheets especially on the one which was not encrypted instead they should use databases which are secured in order to access the important information. In the case of Sony Company, the hackers leak the spreadsheet in the human resources, which were filled with vital medical as well as employee information. The use of the Kantianism theory could contribute greatly to make the decision better especially for the top corporate level individuals. The theory highlights that one should act rationally in order to make business decisions, respect people and help them to make the rational decisions. In the case of Sony, management did not make the decision rationally especially when they had to wait for more than a week to inform the employees of the situation the company was suffering (Peterson, 2014). To prevent future shortcomings on the same it is important to involve all the stakeholders involve and channel a common way to prevent such an occurrence again. Moreover, it is important for the organization to implement regular email deletion policy to prevent such vital information from leaking out especially when there has been an attack on the company. Conclusion As seen in the case of Sony Pictures, the company there was a hack on their system and vital information was stolen. This show the individuals who were involved do not observe classical ethics. The situation causes the company to lose a lot of money, especially when it was facing the lawsuits from the former employees who alleged that the company was neglecting protecting their personal information, which they entrusted it with such as the medical data that was compromised from the stolen spreadsheet. At a time the companies overlook at their security protocols and think they could not be hacked, it is important to implement a code of ethics which will help govern the organization especially when such situations occurs what should be done. Hiding the workers of the shortcoming the company faced could not help the company rather it would devastate them and they could sue them if their privacy data was breached. References Buncombe, A. (2015). Sony Pictures hack: US intelligence chief says North Korea cyberattack was most serious ever against US interests. The Independent, 7(01). Dion, M., Weisstub, D., Richet, J. L. (2016). Financial Crimes: Psychological, Technological,and Ethical Issues. Gallagher, T. (2015). CSCI 215E. 01: Social and Ethical Issues in Computer Science. Kokas, A., Tryon, C., Gusterson, H., Braun, J. (2016). Freedom Edition: Considering Sony Pictures and The Interview. Journal of Broadcasting Electronic Media, 60(4), 714- 728. Mack, R. L. (2015). Cybercrimes: Legislation and Current Trends. Marsh, D. (2017). Are Ethical Hackers the Best Solution for Combating the Growing World of Cyber-Crime? (Doctoral dissertation, University Honors College, Middle Tennessee State University). Peterson, A. (2014). The Sony Pictures hack, explained. The Washington Post, 1. Sharma, M., Mittal, S., Verma, A. (2015). Cyber Ethics in Security Application in the Modern Era of Internet. IITM Journal of Management and IT, 6(1), 140-143. Siegel, L. J., Worrall, J. L. (2014). Essentials of criminal justice. Cengage Learning. Yar, M. (2013). Cybercrime and society. Sage. Von Solms, R., Van Niekerk, J. (2013). From information security to cyber security.Computers Security, 38, 97-102.

Driving Stick Shift free essay sample

Learning to drive a stick shift is one of the things I mastered in life because of the effort and practice I’ve invested. I can still remember the day I learned how to drive a manual transmission car. My cousin stopped by our house and I asked him to teach me how to drive. The only problem was his car was a stick shift. I honestly got intimidated by those horrendous three pedals and that hair-chilling gear shifter, but nothing stopped me from wanting to learn because I knew it would be worth it and I thought I would make me look cooler. So he grabbed the keys and drove to a parking lot that had a wide empty road. He stopped, turned off the car, got out and said â€Å"Okay, your turn. † So I began the initiation into the high art of driving a stick shift. He gave me all the instructions, he told me to press down on the clutch so I can start the car. We will write a custom essay sample on Driving Stick Shift or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I kept my left foot on the clutch and put the car in first gear. I slowly released the clutch as I was slowly pressing on the gas pedal. Then, boom! I stalled and the car shut off. My cousin started laughing. I tried to get the car started again and I still stalled on my fifth attempt. He continued laughing while giving me advices. Finally, on my sixth attempt I got the car going. When he saw that I could stop and get the car moving normally and shift gears without grinding the clutch, he gave me the green light to drive to the main streets and freeways. It took me a lot of practices and effort before I got the gist of it. It was all worth it, I actually enjoyed it and promised that my next car would be a stick shift. At first I thought having a stick shift car would only make me look cooler, but when I had my own car I actually learned that it’s less expensive then automatic cars, gets better gas mileage and most of all it’s simply more fun!

The Reality Of Cornflower Skies free essay sample

When I looked up at the sky one fateful day ten years ago, a woman in a long wool skirt and v-neck sweater (trademark of the small private school I attended) said the sky was blue. I thought it looked a bit like the color of the cornflowers I put in my hair come spring. The color above seemed so much more elaborate than a plain, flat blue-colored plane, so I just nodded my head at her answer still thinking cornflower was the way to go that particular morning. Later on in the years I spent wearing gray and blue plaid skirts, I learned a lot of things I nodded to, but disagreed with. The whole fuss of finding the different object in our glossy workbooks of knowledge bothered me. Often I, myself, felt like that square in a line of circles, and I enjoyed it because it was an adventure. We will write a custom essay sample on The Reality Of Cornflower Skies or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I looked at my own scarlet-colored dress shoes on dress-up days, glanced at all the other girls wearing nearly identical black patent leather, and smiled because the color amused me. It was as if I was the only one who understood the beauty of cornflower skies and scarlet shoes. The other girls put an X over me, just like Sister Lilian had us do in our math books when there was a pear in line with a row of apples. I never liked the idea of defacing the object that separated the boring pattern of mass-produced likeness, and it was always a tough chore swallowing down the X over me, but l nodded and did my math, and I nodded and wore the scarlet shoes. The different viewpoint I had separated me from the other girls and their club behind the big oak tree in the schoolyard. I saw their black patent leather shoes through the years peer out at me, and I longed for company, so I picked up a book of poems one day and made friends with all of the characters with fondness for color who would say that the sky was cornflower, or violet, or something other than the plain flat blue the girls behind the tree saw. And those girls hung out at the malls and their friends bedrooms, putting on mak-eup and talking about the issues one hears on a weekly TV teen show. I started to make friends with them, nodded to their empty conversation, and found my way home to my room or to the beach outside my house, to sit with my current book to read reverently, thinking in color and saying aloud the fancy words the girls behind the tree never used. Almost four years have passed since I graduated from that little school and moved on to the huge world of public education. I have found that there are others like me, who see the world painted in different tones and colors. My view of the world continues to expand as I open up to these people and places who each have their story to tell, and a different sky to view. Soon Ill be done with high school, still wearing my scarlet shoes and gazing into the cornflower sky of my own reality. With my history studies and my memorization of algebraic equations, perhaps I will also carry around something more important than just the knowledge I nodded to and learned in classes. Perhaps I will have retained the desire to touch, taste, and wonder about knowledge, never wanting to deface anything simply because some educated person says it doesnt belong.

Sample Essay About Going to the Zoo

Sample Essay About Going to the ZooAn essay about going to the zoo is probably one of the most interesting samples you can write. What makes it a good sample? This sample, along with others I have seen online, often include the facts that the material in the essay is research. The information contained in the essay is often of an academic nature and more often than not will contain definitions, jargon and references.In essence, the research for this essay is probably what drove the writer to want to create a sample. After all, if the essay is going to be included in a high school or college composition paper, it must be research based. All writers and editors should strive to use the most appropriate language possible. In many cases, some writers might choose to lean towards popular examples or that which has been published by others. However, no matter how well written it is, it will not necessarily pass muster.An essay on the subject of going to the zoo is usually some of the most interesting to read because of the layering of a variety of concepts and facts. By having an essay about going to the zoo available for the high school student or college student writing the essay, they will have a chance to learn information in a number of different formats. It also allows the reader to see how a writer does his or her job and gives them a chance to see what they can do when they apply themselves. More often than not, a good writer is one who is able to take on challenges and make it work in their favor.Because it is important for a high school student or college student to be familiar with the subject matter, they should understand that a successful essay will consist of a mixture of facts, information and definitions. Those who can find the right words and use them will reap the greatest rewards.The benefits of the essay are many. First, it will allow them to view themselves as individuals in comparison to the other students in the class or, at the very least, th ey will gain a more realistic idea of their own level of success in their studies. It is just the proper way to go.For those who have just entered college or are looking for another type of degree, an essay about going to the zoo can be an excellent aid. It can help set a foundation for your goals and pave the way for those next steps.Research is a key ingredient in every field of study. Even if you do not take the time to do research for your samples, being aware of research principles can help give you a head start on making decisions when it comes to essays.

Strategic Perspectives The WritePass Journal

Strategic Perspectives Strategic Perspectives . In the former instance, the company was accused of employing suppliers in its outsourced production strategy who were running sweat shops, an accusation which subsequently led to the closure of one of its factories over poor labour conditions. The company agreed to these accusations taking the position that the misdeeds pointed out amounted to a serious breach to its code of conduct (Inditex, 2013; Economist, 2012). In the latter instance, testimonies and claims of abuse and terror meted on 25 of Zara’s employees, including store managers and staff, were aired in the media.   The company undertook to regularize such situations through the enhancement of supervision of the production systems of its entire network of suppliers (Economist, 2012). 2.1   Stakeholder theory The Stakeholder theory states that, without regard to the fact that some stakeholders would make more contributions to the organization, all stakeholders are entitled to equal treatment (Dricscoll and Hoffman, 2002). Stakeholders include individuals, organizations or groups that have legitimate interest in the business and who therefore affect or are affected by its actions (Nordberg, 2011). With crises and concerns over abuses of human rights, Zara’s corporate reputation and brand equity was hard hit giving it the image of a business entity which neither places sufficient importance to the needs of its stakeholders nor regard to them (Economist, 2012; Buelens, et al., 2011). With the interdependence between the company and its stakeholders, it is essential for an organization, in the recognition of the needs of its stakeholders, to act and reason rationally as well as to make ethical responses. The organization’s leadership is required to have the desire, will and the skill that will ensure that all stakeholders are treated with respect and their voices heard (Buelens, et al., 2011). 2.2   Corporate social responsibility Among the ways in which corporate entities may shore up their reputation and image as perceived by its stakeholders is through conformance and adherence to ethical principles (Dricscoll and Hoffman, 2002). A notable avenue is the pursuit of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) which is a mechanism integrated into business processes and an organization’s business model that ensures that ethical principles and provisions in law are complied with and monitored (Nordberg, 2011; Dricscoll and Hoffman, 2002). It entails the deliberate attempts by an organization to do good as a corporate citizen in reciprocation of goodwill it enjoys from society. For success in ensuring adherence to ethical principles and in the endeavour to build up its corporate image and reputation, Zara needs to institute mechanisms towards CSR that would also serve to guide its mission towards a better relationship with its stakeholders, outline its stand on such issues and as well clearly indicate the promis es it intends to uphold for society as an entity obtaining its sustenance within society (Dricscoll and Hoffman, 2002). 2.3   Organizational ethics Organizational ethics is a concept that expresses the values of an organization to its stakeholders (Dricscoll and Hoffman, 2002). It includes written codes of ethics or standards such as Zara’s â€Å"Code of Conduct for External Manufacturers and Workshops of Inditex† which it claims to have had (Inditex, 2013); systems of reporting which are guarded with confidentiality; as well as ethics training and advice (Buelens, et al., 2011). Despite its claims of written codes of conduct, it is evident that they were not complied with, respected and adhered to. For its success in entrenching organizational ethics, Zara should endeavour to institute elaborate systems traversing the entire organization and its partners that enable the maintenance of requisite ethical standards (Nordberg, 2011). 3.0 Zara’s levels of strategy 3.1   Business level strategy of Zara The primary aim of a business in the competitive business environment, underpinning its goals and objectives of sustenance and growth, is to develop an edge over rival firms building on its resources and competencies. Porter fronts three generic strategies which a company can employ in its pursuit of competitive advantage over its rivals (Kim, Nam and Stimpert, 2004). They include cost leadership, in which a company seeks to offer similar value with a lower price; differentiation, achieved by a company when it offers benefits different from and of more value than those of its competitors; and, focus on either of the two (Kim, Nam and Stimpert, 2004). A company can pursue a hybrid of both strategies simultaneously, achieving differentiation and a price lower than its rivals. Zara pursues a hybrid strategy seeking to exploit both cost leadership and differentiation strategies. Its closest and most comparable rivals challenging its market presence and competitive advantage include Gap, HM and Benetton though Zara sits closest with HM in the more fashionable and less priced segment. Zara is however considered to be more fashionable among the three, a position the company intends to sustain and exploit (Inditex, 2013; Economist, 2012). Its strategic venture into the low-cost segment through its Lefties brand of stores illustrates its pursuit of a clear cost leadership strategy enabling Zara to tap into lower market segments meeting the need of customers in the current harsh economic times (Inditex, 2013). This ensures that the company is still better placed to sustain its growth and profits even with unfavourable shifts in the economy and consumer spending. However, Zara primarily pursues a differentiation strategy through significant focus on competitive strategies that enhance overall efficiency in its entire value chain (Economist, 2012; Inditex, 2013). Zara’s value chain, which is often tweaked to enhance efficiency and performance, is a major platform upon which the company derives its differentiation from rivals. Enhanced efficiency is enabled by vertical integration and therefore control of crucial processes; employment of technology to coordinate suppliers, production and distribution processes; outsourcing of intensive tasks; as well as its finely-tuned logistics and just-in-time manufacturing strategy which shorten response time and enable the achievement of greater flexibility in variety, frequency and amount of new styles produced (Economist, 2012; Inditex, 2013; BloombergBusinessweek, 2009). The constant refinement of operations in pursuit of continuous efficiency gains including leveraging on technology to enhance crucial production processes has enabled the company to reverse the trend of costs rising faster than revenues. Enhanced efficiency and attendant effectiveness lead to the minimization of costly errors, reduction in costs which consequently enables the enhancement of bottom line and price (Inditex, 2013; Carpenter and Sanders, 2007). Zara also derives its differentiation from its effective market intelligence and focus on continuous awareness and understanding of the customer. Customer feedback through personalized ‘word-of-mouth’ interactions with staff at store level used to assess their preferences and wants is used to guide design and development, as well as other essential improvements (Inditex, 2013; BloombergBusinessweek, 2009). Unlike its competitor’s reliance on electronic consumer data, this has enabled quick turnaround of merchan dise through quicker replenishment of popular items and removal of slow-selling lines enabling Zara to generate more cash, reduce inventory and eliminate the need for significant debt on held inventories which has a direct impact on costs (Inditex, 2013; BloombergBusinessweek, 2009). These strategies and the resultant efficiency have enabled the company to achieve enhanced return visits by customers far greater than the industry average on several indices, a significant competitive advantage (Inditex, 2013; Economist, 2012). They have also enabled Zara to incur significantly less expenditure on advertising with the saved revenue being redeployed to enhance competitive advantage (Inditex, 2013). 3.2   Corporate level strategy Corporate level strategy as the highest level of strategy in an organization is concerned with the overall scope, seeking to add value to constituent businesses/ elements within the entire organization (Lynch, R., 2006). In its pursuit of competitive advantage in the hostile business environment characterized by intense competition and economic challenges, Zara has adopted a growth focus in its corporate strategy. This is evidenced by its pursuit of vertical integration, market penetration, market development and product development strategies in an attempt to sustain its growth and strategic positioning in the fashion industry (Lynch, R., 2006; Inditex, 2013). Guiding these strategic decisions and particular choices, the Ansoff matrix highlights scenarios in consideration of the existence or newness of products or markets (Christodoulou and Patel, 2012; Mintzberg, et al., 2008). Existing product New product Existing market Market penetration Product development New market Market development Diversification Ansoff matrix 3.2.1   Market penetration and market development Zara is hindered by constraints resultant from its Spain-centred model, a major weakness in its endeavour to sustain growth and to maintain its strategic positioning (BloombergBusinessweek, 2009; Economist, 2012). An outward focus towards market development is essential. This has necessitated international expansion and the exploitation of untapped markets including North and South America, Asia, Middle East, Africa and the rest of Europe, particularly Italy.   Enabled by the construction of additional distribution facilities in Zaragoza, Spain and in South America, as well as the upward scaling of its logistics processes to enable the realization of economies of scale in the strategic expansion, the company has spread out into Asia, America, Australia, India and Africa (BloombergBusinessweek, 2009; Economist, 2012). The company has also sought to achieve market penetration in its development of virtual stores, tapping into the opportunities in internet retailing and marketing through online stores and boutiques. Available in ten countries and seeking entry into the USA and Korea, the company has since 2010 sought to exploit this model venturing into this field (Inditex, 2013; Economist, 2012). 3.2.2    Product development For a company to survive and grow in the fast changing fashion industry, it is essential that a business keenly enhances product development, matching or beating its rivals in output and production of new items. Zara has endeavoured to maximize its throughput of new items keeping merchandise in stores always new and fresh. This frequency, enabled by just-in-time manufacturing and focus on limited runs, also ensures that products do not stay long enough risking replication or imitation (Inditex, 2013; Carpenter and Sanders, 2007). The active pursuit of market intelligence and awareness and appreciation of customer preference ensures that the company does not become complacent and unresponsive thereby losing its track in the fast changing and intensely competitive industry (Carpenter and Sanders, 2007; Thompson, et al., 2008). 3.2.3  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Vertical integration To enhance control of the entire business and its processes, achieve stability of production and thereby strengthen its competitive position, Zara has pursued vertical integration strategies. These include forward integration through the investment in distribution facilities and specialty stores, as well as backward into production and manufacturing facilities. Zara has also developed subsidiaries that manage its purchases of fabric and dyes (Inditex, 2013). The company has undertaken this strategy in an endeavour to minimize its exposure to expensive distributors and suppliers and the inefficiency attendant to the lack of complete control of especially crucial processes. 4.0 Recommendations Zara in its performance and strategic positioning can be considered to be a success. However, the company cannot afford complacency and should endeavour to maintain its competitiveness and to sustain its position in the fashion industry into the future. At its strategic position and level of maturity and given the slow growth of the fashion industry and attendant economic challenges (Economist, 2012; BloombergBusinessweek, 2009), a number of strategies are suggested for Zara to pursue for its sustenance into the future. Among these strategies is Diversification either into a business that also deals in fashion or to an unrelated field adding value and broadening present business. Also recommended is the strengthening and sustenance of its successful strategies such as efficiency in its entire value chain which has been the primary factor that has enabled its differentiation; Market Development in its international expansion and exploitation of new markets; and Market Penetration in the exploitation of the boom in the information technology field, enhancing its virtual platforms and stores. Such ventures have the potential of being important avenues through which the company can acquire additional revenue, as well as, reducing its exposure to vulnerabilities of its centralized model and complete focus on a single line of business. 5.0 Evaluation of strategies A simple and straightforward criteria used to evaluate strategy is the Suitability, Acceptability and Feasibility model (SAF). It offers a process of rationalization to assess importance, priority and likely success of each strategy identified (Haberberg, A., and A., Rieple, 2008; Thompson, et al., 2008). This report evaluates two strategies identified above including: diversification and continued market development. 5.1   Suitability Suitability is concerned with the rationale of the strategy and its overall fit in the organization’s mission (Thompson, et al., 2008). At the company’s level of maturation, with regard to the Industry Life Cycle (ILC), and stature in the fashion industry, diversification is highly recommended as a priority strategy given that its strong competitive position in the fashion industry is constrained by slowed growth in the market. This strategy would enable the broadening of present business to include complementary products (Carpenter and Sanders, 2007). Continued market development is also recommended for Zara enabling it to tap into new markets enhancing its growth and ensuring its sustainability. These strategies would generally also enable the company to lower its vulnerabilities to financial and political factors that could affect it given its centralized model, as well as risks attendant to the fashion industry (Economist, 2012; Mintzberg, et al., 2008). 5.2   Acceptability Acceptability deals with the expected outcomes of the implementation of strategy and expectations of stakeholders (Thompson, et al., 2008). Diversification, if pursued, would enable the capturing of cross-business strategic fits such as the creation of new competitive strengths and capabilities, the sharing of facilities to reduce costs, and/or the spreading of risks across diverse businesses (Christodoulou   and Patel, 2012). Market Development and entry into new territories/geographical areas and distribution channels enable the company to exploit markets that are not saturated, utilising its surplus production capacity. These strategies would enable the generation of additional revenue and the securing of shareholder interests which contribute to the enhancement of shareholder value (Carpenter and Sanders, 2007). They would also reduce risks due to Zara’s centralized mode of operations. 5.3   Feasibility Feasibility is concerned with the capacity of the organization to implement the strategy, especially focusing on the availability of resources (Thompson, et al., 2008). With Zara’s success in the fashion industry and, consequently, availability of adequate financial and organizational resources, as well as the consideration of the diminishing prospects of growth in the fashion industry (Economist, 2012; BloombergBusinessweek, 2009), diversification should be a priority strategy for Zara. Its surplus financial and organizational resources can be exploited to enable the company’s sustenance and growth. These surplus resources can also be utilized in pursuit of Market Development. Its highly efficient distribution system can be scaled up, such as in its present initiative to develop additional distribution facilities (Inditex, 2013), to build the company’s capacity to exploit the opportunity offered. Zara has successfully found activities that matter to customers and has significantly enhanced key activities enhancing its key activities. However, to sustain this strategic position and achieve necessary growth into the future, the company needs to pursue appropriate strategies as outlined above especially diversification, market development and the continuous pursuit of efficiency gains. 6.0 References BloombergBusinessweek, 2009. Zara Looks to Asia for Growth. August 26 Buelens, M., K., Sinding, C., Waldstrom, R., Kreitner, and A., Kinicki, 2011. Organisational Behaviour, 4th Edition: McGrawHill Higher Education Carpenter, M., and W., Sanders, 2007. Strategic Management: A Dynamic Perspective. Harlow: Pearson Prentice Hall Dricscoll, D., and W., Hoffman, 2002. Ethics Matters: How to Implement Values-Driven Management Economist, 2012. Inditex Fashion forward Zara: Spain’s most successful brand, is trying to go global. Mar 24th. LA CORUÑA Haberberg, A., and A., Rieple, 2008. Strategic Management: Theory and Application, Oxford: Oxford University Press. Inditex, 2013. Zara. Viewed from: inditex.com/en/who_we_are/concepts/zara Kim, Nam and Stimpert, 2004. â€Å"The Applicability of Porter’s Generic Strategies in the Digital Age: Assumptions, Conjectures, and Suggestions.† In: Journal of Management, 30, 5 Lynch, R., 2006. Corporate Strategy, (4th ed.), Harlow: FT Prentice Hall Mintzberg, H., B., Ahlstrand, and J., Lampel, 2008. Strategy Safari: The Complete Guide Through the Wilds of Strategic Management , 2nd Edition, Prentice Hall Nordberg, D., 2011. Corporate Governance: Principles and Issues. London: Sage Publications. Christodoulou, I., and Z., Patel 2012. BKEY 601 Strategic Perspectives, McGraw Hill editions. Thompson, A., A., Strickland, and J., Gamble, 2008. Crafting and Executing Strategy: (16th edition), Maidenhead: McGraw-Hill